Unit 21: Cables

Cables

Composite Video

This is an analogue transmission that carries standard definition (typically at 480i or 576i resolution). They are used for standard formats. These include NTSC, PAL and SECAM. These cables only carry one signal, unlike S-Video or Component.

S-Video

This is another analogue cable that carries standard definition. S-Video separates black and white colour signals. This means it achieves a better image than composite, but a lower resolution than component video. Each pin has its own ground pin.

Component Video

RGB distributes the colour signal three ways: red, green and blue. This allows for full HD resolution. Component video cables do not carry audio, meaning they must be paired with audio cables.

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

This cable is typically used for computer monitors and allows for connections to video cards, HDTVs, Laptops, Netbooks and an array of other equipment. It allows for higher resolutions, ranging from 640x400 all the way up to 2048x1536. VGA cables also do not carry audio.

DVI Cable

This is a digital cable, meaning there is no loss in quality. It is often found on HDTVs and Video cards. There are three main types of DVI cables. These are: DVI-D, DVI-A and DVI-I. It allows for resolutions up to 3840x2400. DVI cables also do not carry audio.

HDMI

HDMI Cables are used on many different devices ranging from computers, cameras, monitors and Blu-Ray players. It is a single cable that carries video and audio signals digitally, meaning there is no loss of signal. Version 1.0 allowed for 1920x1080p, whilst Version 1.4 supports ethernet, 3D and 3840x2160p at 30fps. Version 2.0 supports 3840x2160p at 60fps.

RCA Connector

RCA cables are used to carry video signals. They can also carry  audio signals. They are most commonly used for stereo equipment. They are still used by many devices even after the digital switchover. For example, VHS, DVD players and TVs still use RCA cables. However, there is a loss of quality over distance and RCA cables are also susceptible to hum and noise.

1/4 jack and 1/8 jack (3.5mm)

1/4 jack is used for audio recording equipment, stereo equipment, guitar and bass leads. 3.5mm is found on phones, DSLR’s (these cables are intended for short runs)

XLR Connector

This is the most commonly used cable for microphones. Also, due to the design of the connector, the microphone won't disconnect on its own accord.